Python - Data Types

One of the most important parts of learning any programming language is to understand what are the available data types, and how data is stored, accessed and manipulated in that language. Python is an object-orientated language, everything in Python is an object, and every value in Python has a datatype. Hence, in Python, data types are classes and variables are an instance (object) of these classes.

There are various data types in Python which can be categorized as below:

Category	Data Types
Text	str
Numeric	int, float, complex
Sequence	list, tuple, range
Mapping	dict
Set	set, frozenset
Boolean	bool
Binary	bytes, bytearray, memoryview

type() function

The Python type() function is used to find out the datatype of a specified variable. See the example below:

MyInt = 10
print(type(MyInt))

MyFloat = 10.5
print(type(MyFloat))

The output of the above code will be:

<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>

Set datatype of a variable

Unlike Java & C++, Python does not require to declare a variable or its data type. The data type of a variable is set when a value is assigned to it. Below table describes how to set different data types in variable x.

Data Types	Example
str	x = "Hello World!" or x = 'Hello World!'
int	x = 10
float	x = 10.5
complex	x = 5 + 5j
list	x = [1, 2, 3]
tuple	x = (1, 2, 3)
range	x = range(1, 5)
dict	x = {'name': 'John', 'age': 25}
Set	x = {1, 2, 3}
frozenset	x = frozenset({1, 2, 3})
bool	x = True
bytes	x = b"Hello World!"
bytearray	x = bytearray(3)
memoryview	x = memoryview(bytes(3))

Set datatype of a variable using constructor

As discussed earlier, in Python, data types are classes and variables are an instance (object) of these classes. These data type classes have built-in function also known as constructor which can be used to construct an instance of the object. Below table describes how to set different data types in variable x using constructor.

Data Types	Constructor	Example
str	str()	x = str("Hello World!") or x = str('Hello World!')
int	int()	x = int(10)
float	float()	x = float(10.5)
complex	complex()	x = complex(5 + 5j)
list	list()	x = list((1, 2, 3))
tuple	tuple()	x = tuple((1, 2, 3))
range	range()	x = range(1, 5)
dict	dict()	x = dict(name='John', age=25)
Set	set()	x = set((1, 2, 3))
frozenset	frozenset()	x = frozenset((1, 2, 3)
bool	bool()	x = boot(1)
bytes	byte()	x = bytes(3)
bytearray	bytearray()	x = bytearray(3)
memoryview	memoryview()	x = memoryview(bytes(3))