SQL Server - Operators
Operators are used to perform operation on two operands. Operators in SQL Server can be categorized as follows:
- Arithmetic operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
SQL Server Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on two operands.
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | Add two values | More Info |
| - | Subtraction | Subtract one value from another | More Info |
| * | Multiplication | Multiply two values | More Info |
| / | Division | Divide one value by another | More Info |
| % | Modulo | Returns remainder of division operation | More Info |
SQL Server Comparison operators
Comparison operators are used to compare values of two operands. It returns true when values matches and false when values does not match.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Equal to | More Info |
| != | Not equal to | More Info |
| <> | Not equal to | More Info |
| > | Greater than | More Info |
| < | Less than | More Info |
| !> | Not Greater than | More Info |
| !< | Not Less than | More Info |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | More Info |
| <= | Less than or equal to | More Info |
SQL Server Logical operators
Logical operators are used to create and combine one or more conditions.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| ALL | Returns true if all of the subquery values meet the condition. |
| AND | Only includes rows where both conditions is true. |
| ANY | Returns true if any of the subquery values meet the condition. |
| BETWEEN | Selects values within a given range. |
| EXISTS | Tests for the existence of records from a subquery. |
| IN | Allows you to specify multiple values in a WHERE clause. |
| LIKE | Searches for a specified pattern in a column. |
| NOT | Only includes rows where a condition is not true. |
| NOT LIKE | Negation of LIKE. |
| OR | Returns True when any of the conditions is true. |
| IS NULL | Tests for null values. |
| IS NOT NULL | Tests for non-null values. |
| SOME | Returns true if any of the subquery values meet the condition. |
SQL Server Operators Precedence
Operator precedence (order of operations) is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which procedures to perform first in order to evaluate a given expression.
For example, multiplication has higher precedence than addition. Thus, the expression 1 + 2 × 3 is interpreted to have the value 1 + (2 × 3) = 7, and not (1 + 2) × 3 = 9. When exponent is used in the expression, it has precedence over both addition and multiplication. Thus 3 + 52 = 28 and 3 × 52 = 75.
The following table lists the precedence of SQL Server operators. Operators are listed top to bottom, in descending precedence. Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with relatively lower precedence.
| Precedence | Operators |
|---|---|
| 8 | ~ (Bitwise NOT) |
| 7 | * (Multiplication), / (Division), % (Modulus) |
| 6 | + (Positive), - (Negative), + (Addition), + (Concatenation), - (Subtraction), & (Bitwise AND), ^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR), | (Bitwise OR) |
| 5 | = (Comparison), >, <, >=, <=, <>, !=, !>, !< (Comparison operators) |
| 4 | NOT |
| 3 | AND |
| 2 | ALL, ANY, BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, OR, SOME |
| 1 | = (Assignment) |
