Java Examples

Java Program - Maximum Subarray Problem

Kadane's algorithm is used to find the maximum sum of a contiguous subarray. Kadane's algorithm is based on the idea of looking for all positive contiguous subarray and find the maximum sum of a contiguous subarray.

In this algorithm, a variable called max_sum is created to store maximum sum of the positive contiguous subarray till current iterated element and a variable called current_sum is created to store sum of the positive subarray which ends at current iterated element. In each iteration, current_sum is compared with max_sum, to update max_sum if it is greater than max_sum.

Example:

To understand the kadane's algorithm, lets consider an array Array = [-3, 1, -8, 12, 0, -3, 5, -9, 4] and discuss each step taken to find the maximum sum of all positive contiguous subarray.

  max_sum = current_sum = 0

  Step 1: i = 0, Array[0] =  -3
  current_sum = current_sum + (-3) = -3
  Set current_sum = 0 because current_sum < 0

  Step 2: i = 1, Array[0] =  1
  current_sum = current_sum + 1 = 1
  update max_sum = 1 because current_sum > max_sum

  Step 3: i = 2, Array[0] =  -8
  current_sum = current_sum + (-8) = -7
  Set current_sum = 0 because current_sum < 0

  Step 4: i = 3, Array[0] =  12
  current_sum = current_sum + 12 = 12
  update max_sum = 12 because current_sum > max_sum

  Step 5: i = 4, Array[0] =  0
  current_sum = current_sum + 0 = 12

  Step 6: i = 5, Array[0] =  -3
  current_sum = current_sum + (-3) = 9

  Step 7: i = 6, Array[0] =  5
  current_sum = current_sum + 5 = 14
  update max_sum = 14 because current_sum > max_sum

  Step 8: i = 7, Array[0] =  -9
  current_sum = current_sum + (-9) = 5

  Step 9: i = 8, Array[0] =  4
  current_sum = current_sum + 4 = 9

Hence, after all iterations, the value of max_sum is 14. The stating index point and end index point of this subarray are 3 and 6 respectively.

public class MyClass {
  // function for kadane's algorithm
  static int kadane(int Array[]) {
    int max_sum = 0;
    int current_sum = 0;
    int n = Array.length;

    for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
      current_sum = current_sum + Array[i];
      if (current_sum < 0)
       current_sum = 0; 
      if(max_sum < current_sum)
       max_sum = current_sum; 
    }

    return max_sum;
  }

  // test the code
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[] MyArray = {-3, 1, -8, 12, 0, -3, 5, -9, 4};
    System.out.println("Maximum SubArray is: " + kadane(MyArray));
  }
}

The above code will give the following output:

Maximum SubArray is: 14

To get the location of maximum subarray, variables max_start and max_end are maintained with the help of variables current_start and current_end.

public class MyClass {
  // function for kadane's algorithm
  static void kadane(int Array[]) {
    int max_sum = 0;
    int current_sum = 0;
    int n = Array.length;

    int max_start = 0;
    int max_end = 0;
    int current_start = 0;
    int current_end = 0;

    for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
      current_sum = current_sum + Array[i];
      current_end = i;

      if (current_sum < 0) {
        current_sum = 0;
        //Start a new sequence from next element
        current_start = current_end + 1;
      }

      if(max_sum < current_sum) {
        max_sum = current_sum;
        max_start = current_start;
        max_end = current_end;
      }
    }
    
    System.out.println("Maximum SubArray is: " + max_sum);
    System.out.println("Start index of max_Sum: " + max_start);
    System.out.println("End index of max_Sum: " + max_end);
  }

  // test the code
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[] MyArray = {-3, 1, -8, 12, 0, -3, 5, -9, 4};
    kadane(MyArray);
  }
}

The above code will give the following output:

Maximum SubArray is: 14
Start index of max_Sum: 3
End index of max_Sum: 6

Time Complexity:

The time complexity of Kadane's algorithm is Θ(N).

Java Program - Maximum Subarray Problem

Example:

Time Complexity:

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