Data Structures - Circular Singly Linked List Other Related Topics
Data Structures - Circular Singly Linked List Other Related Topics

Circular Singly Linked List - Insert a new node at the given position

In this method, a new element is inserted at the specified position in the circular singly linked list. For example - if the given list is 10->20->30 and a new element 100 is added at position 2, the list becomes 10->100->20->30.

First, create two nodes: 1. newNode with given element and 2. temp to traverse through the list. After that count the number of elements in the list to check whether the insertion position is valid or not (It must lie in the range of [1, n + 1], where n is number of elements in the list). If the insertion position is valid and equal to 1 then make the newNode as head and adjust links accordingly. If the insertion position is valid and greater than 1 then traverse to the specified position and insert the newNode and adjust links accordingly.

Circular Singly Linked List - Add Node At Start

The function push_at is created for this purpose. It is a 5-step process.

void push_at(int newElement, int position) {
  
  //1. allocate node to new element and 
  //   create a temp node to traverse the list 
  Node* newNode = new Node(); 
  newNode->data = newElement;
  newNode->next = NULL;
  Node* temp = head;
  int NoOfElements = 0;

  //2. Find the number of elements in the list
  if(temp != NULL) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp->next;
  }
  while(temp != head) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp->next;
  }

  //3. check if the insertion position is valid
  if(position < 1 || position > (NoOfElements+1)) {
    cout<<"\nInavalid position.";
  } else if (position == 1) {
  
  //4. if the position is 1, make next of the
  //   new node as head and new node as head
    if(head == NULL) {
      head = newNode;
      head->next = head;
    } else {
      while(temp->next != head) {
        temp = temp->next;
      }
      newNode->next = head;
      head = newNode;
      temp->next = head;
    }
  } else {

   //5. Else, traverse to the node previous to
   //   the given position, make newNode next 
   //   as temp next and temp next as newNode.
    temp = head;
    for(int i = 1; i < position-1; i++)
      temp = temp->next;
    newNode->next = temp->next;
    temp->next = newNode;  
  }
}

void push_at(struct Node** head_ref, int newElement, int position) {  
  
  //1. allocate node to new element and 
  //   create a temp node to traverse the list 
  struct Node *newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); 
  newNode->data = newElement;
  newNode->next = NULL;
  struct Node *temp = *head_ref;
  int NoOfElements = 0;

  //2. Find the number of elements in the list
  if(temp != NULL) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp->next;
  }
  while(temp != *head_ref) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp->next;
  }

  //3. check if the insertion position is valid
  if(position < 1 || position > (NoOfElements+1)) {
    printf("\nInavalid position.");
  } else if (position == 1) {
  
  //4. if the position is 1, make next of the
  //   new node as head and new node as head
    if(*head_ref == NULL) {
      *head_ref = newNode;
      (*head_ref)->next = *head_ref;
    } else {
      while(temp->next != *head_ref) {
        temp = temp->next;
      }
      newNode->next = *head_ref;
      *head_ref = newNode;
      temp->next = *head_ref;
    }
  } else {

   //5. Else, traverse to the node previous to
   //   the given position, make newNode next 
   //   as temp next and temp next as newNode.
    temp = *head_ref;
    for(int i = 1; i < position-1; i++) 
      temp = temp->next;
    newNode->next = temp->next;
    temp->next = newNode;  
  }
}     

def push_at(self, newElement, position):     

  #1. allocate node to new element and 
  #   create a temp node to traverse the list 
  newNode = Node(newElement)
  temp = self.head
  NoOfElements = 0

  #2. Find the number of elements in the list
  if(temp != None):
    NoOfElements += 1
    temp = temp.next
  while(temp != self.head):
    NoOfElements += 1
    temp = temp.next

  #3. check if the insertion position is valid
  if(position < 1 or position > (NoOfElements+1)):
    print("\nInavalid position.")
  elif (position == 1):
  
  #4. if the position is 1, make next of the
  #   new node as head and new node as head
    if(self.head == None):
      self.head = newNode
      self.head.next = head
    else:
      while(temp.next != self.head):
        temp = temp.next
      newNode.next = self.head
      self.head = newNode
      temp.next = self.head

  else:

    #5. Else, traverse to the node previous to
    #   the given position, make newNode next 
    #   as temp next and temp next as newNode.
    temp = self.head
    for i in range(1, position-1):
      temp = temp.next 
    newNode.next = temp.next
    temp.next = newNode

void push_at(int newElement, int position) { 
  
  //1. allocate node to new element and 
  //   create a temp node to traverse the list 
  Node newNode = new Node(); 
  newNode.data = newElement;
  newNode.next = null;
  Node temp = head;
  int NoOfElements = 0;

  //2. Find the number of elements in the list
  if(temp != null) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp.next;
  }
  while(temp != head) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp.next;
  }

  //3. check if the insertion position is valid
  if(position < 1 || position > (NoOfElements+1)) {
    System.out.print("\nInvalid position.");
  } else if (position == 1) {
  
  //4. if the position is 1, make next of the
  //   new node as head and new node as head
    if(head == null) {
      head = newNode;
      head.next = head;
    } else {
      while(temp.next != head) {
        temp = temp.next;
      }
      newNode.next = head;
      head = newNode;
      temp.next = head;
    }
  } else {

   //5. Else, traverse to the node previous to
   //   the given position, make newNode next 
   //   as temp next and temp next as newNode.
    temp = head;
    for(int i = 1; i < position-1; i++)
      temp = temp.next;
    newNode.next = temp.next;
    temp.next = newNode;  
  }
}

public void push_at(int newElement, int position) { 
  
  //1. allocate node to new element and 
  //   create a temp node to traverse the list 
  Node newNode = new Node(); 
  newNode.data = newElement;
  newNode.next = null;
  Node temp = head;
  int NoOfElements = 0;

  //2. Find the number of elements in the list
  if(temp != null) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp.next;
  }
  while(temp != head) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp.next;
  }

  //3. check if the insertion position is valid
  if(position < 1 || position > (NoOfElements+1)) {
    Console.Write("\nInvalid position.");
  } else if (position == 1) {
  
  //4. if the position is 1, make next of the
  //   new node as head and new node as head
    if(head == null) {
      head = newNode;
      head.next = head;
    } else {
      while(temp.next != head) {
        temp = temp.next;
      }
      newNode.next = head;
      head = newNode;
      temp.next = head;
    }
  } else {

   //5. Else, traverse to the node previous to
   //   the given position, make newNode next 
   //   as temp next and temp next as newNode.
    temp = head;
    for(int i = 1; i < position-1; i++) 
      temp = temp.next;
    newNode.next = temp.next;
    temp.next = newNode;  
  }
}

public function push_at($newElement, $position) {     

  //1. allocate node to new element and 
  //   create a temp node to traverse the list 
  $newNode = new Node(); 
  $newNode->data = $newElement;
  $newNode->next = null;
  $temp = $this->head;
  $NoOfElements = 0;

  //2. Find the number of elements in the list
  if($temp != null) {
    $NoOfElements++;
    $temp = $temp->next;
  }
  while($temp != $this->head) {
    $NoOfElements++;
    $temp = $temp->next;
  }

  //3. check if the insertion position is valid
  if($position < 1 || $position > ($NoOfElements+1)) {
    echo "\nInvalid position.";
  } else if ($position == 1) {
  
  //4. if the position is 1, make next of the
  //   new node as head and new node as head
    if($this->head == null) {
      $this->head = $newNode;
      $this->head->next = $this->head;
    } else {
      while($temp->next != $this->head) {
        $temp = $temp->next;
      }
      $newNode->next = $this->head;
      $this->head = $newNode;
      $temp->next = $this->head;
    }
  } else {

   //5. Else, traverse to the node previous to
   //   the given position, make newNode next 
   //   as temp next and temp next as newNode.
    $temp = $this->head;
    for($i = 1; $i < $position-1; $i++) 
      $temp = $temp->next;
    $newNode->next = $temp->next;
    $temp->next = $newNode;  
  }
}

The below is a complete program that uses above discussed concept to insert a new node at given position in the circular singly linked list.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//node structure
struct Node {
    int data;
    Node* next;
};

class LinkedList {
  private:
    Node* head;
  public:
    LinkedList(){
      head = NULL;
    }
 
    //Add new element at the end of the list
    void push_back(int newElement) {
      Node* newNode = new Node();
      newNode->data = newElement;
      newNode->next = NULL; 
      if(head == NULL) {
        head = newNode;
        newNode->next = head;
      } else {
        Node* temp = head;
        while(temp->next != head)
          temp = temp->next;
        temp->next = newNode;
        newNode->next = head;
      }    
    }

    //Inserts a new element at the given position 
    void push_at(int newElement, int position) {
      Node* newNode = new Node(); 
      newNode->data = newElement;
      newNode->next = NULL;
      Node* temp = head;
      int NoOfElements = 0;

      if(temp != NULL) {
        NoOfElements++;
        temp = temp->next;
      }
      while(temp != head) {
        NoOfElements++;
        temp = temp->next;
      }

      if(position < 1 || position > (NoOfElements+1)) {
        cout<<"\nInavalid position.";
      } else if (position == 1) {
      
        if(head == NULL) {
          head = newNode;
          head->next = head;
        } else {
          while(temp->next != head) {
            temp = temp->next;
          }
          newNode->next = head;
          head = newNode;
          temp->next = head;
        }
      } else {
        temp = head;
        for(int i = 1; i < position-1; i++) 
          temp = temp->next;
        newNode->next = temp->next;
        temp->next = newNode;  
      }
    }

    //display the content of the list
    void PrintList() {
      Node* temp = head;
      if(temp != NULL) {
        cout<<"The list contains: ";
        while(true) {
          cout<<temp->data<<" ";
          temp = temp->next;
          if(temp == head) 
            break;
        }
        cout<<endl;
      } else {
        cout<<"The list is empty.\n";
      }
    }     
};

// test the code 
int main() {
  LinkedList MyList;

  //Add three elements at the end of the list.
  MyList.push_back(10);
  MyList.push_back(20);
  MyList.push_back(30);
  MyList.PrintList();

  //Insert an element at position 2
  MyList.push_at(100, 2);
  MyList.PrintList();

  //Insert an element at position 1
  MyList.push_at(200, 1);  
  MyList.PrintList();

  return 0; 
}

The above code will give the following output: 

The list contains: 10 20 30 
The list contains: 10 100 20 30 
The list contains: 200 10 100 20 30 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

//node structure
struct Node {
  int data;
  struct Node* next;
};

//Add new element at the end of the list
void push_back(struct Node** head_ref, int newElement) {  
  struct Node *newNode, *temp;
  newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); 
  newNode->data = newElement;  
  newNode->next = NULL;
  if(*head_ref == NULL) {
    *head_ref = newNode;
     newNode->next = *head_ref;
  } else {
    temp = *head_ref;
    while(temp->next != *head_ref) {
      temp = temp->next;
    }    
    temp->next = newNode;
    newNode->next = *head_ref;
  }
}

//Inserts a new element at the given position
void push_at(struct Node** head_ref, int newElement, int position) {  
  struct Node *newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); 
  newNode->data = newElement;
  newNode->next = NULL;
  struct Node *temp = *head_ref;
  int NoOfElements = 0;

  if(temp != NULL) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp->next;
  }
  while(temp != *head_ref) {
    NoOfElements++;
    temp = temp->next;
  }

  if(position < 1 || position > (NoOfElements+1)) {
    printf("\nInavalid position.");
  } else if (position == 1) {
  
    if(*head_ref == NULL) {
      *head_ref = newNode;
      (*head_ref)->next = *head_ref;
    } else {
      while(temp->next != *head_ref) {
        temp = temp->next;
      }
      newNode->next = *head_ref;
      *head_ref = newNode;
      temp->next = *head_ref;
    }
  } else {

    temp = *head_ref;
    for(int i = 1; i < position-1; i++)
      temp = temp->next;
    newNode->next = temp->next;
    temp->next = newNode;  
  }
}  

//display the content of the list
void PrintList(struct Node* head_ref) {
  struct Node* temp = head_ref;
  if(head_ref != NULL) {
    printf("The list contains: ");
    while (1) {
      printf("%i ",temp->data);
      temp = temp->next;
      if(temp == head_ref)
        break;    
    }
    printf("\n");
  } else {
    printf("The list is empty.\n");
  }   
}

// test the code 
int main() {
  struct Node* MyList = NULL;

  //Add three elements at the end of the list.
  push_back(&MyList, 10);
  push_back(&MyList, 20);
  push_back(&MyList, 30);
  PrintList(MyList);

  //Insert an element at position 2
  push_at(&MyList, 100, 2);
  PrintList(MyList);  

  //Insert an element at position 1
  push_at(&MyList, 200, 1);
  PrintList(MyList); 

  return 0; 
}

The above code will give the following output: 

The list contains: 10 20 30 
The list contains: 10 100 20 30 
The list contains: 200 10 100 20 30 

# node structure
class Node:
  def __init__(self, data):
    self.data = data
    self.next = None

#class Linked List
class LinkedList:
  def __init__(self):
    self.head = None

  #Add new element at the end of the list
  def push_back(self, newElement):
    newNode = Node(newElement)
    if(self.head == None):
      self.head = newNode
      newNode.next = self.head
      return
    else:
      temp = self.head
      while(temp.next != self.head):
        temp = temp.next
      temp.next = newNode
      newNode.next = self.head

  #Inserts a new element at the given position
  def push_at(self, newElement, position):     
    newNode = Node(newElement)
    temp = self.head
    NoOfElements = 0
    if(temp != None):
      NoOfElements += 1
      temp = temp.next
    while(temp != self.head):
      NoOfElements += 1
      temp = temp.next
    
    if(position < 1 or position > (NoOfElements+1)):
      print("\nInavalid position.")
    elif (position == 1):
      if(self.head == None):
        self.head = newNode
        self.head.next = self.head
      else:
        while(temp.next != self.head):
          temp = temp.next
        newNode.next = self.head
        self.head = newNode
        temp.next = self.head
    else:
      temp = self.head
      for i in range(1, position-1):
        temp = temp.next 
      newNode.next = temp.next
      temp.next = newNode

  #display the content of the list
  def PrintList(self):
    temp = self.head
    if(temp != None):
      print("The list contains:", end=" ")
      while (True):
        print(temp.data, end=" ")
        temp = temp.next
        if(temp == self.head):
          break
      print()
    else:
      print("The list is empty.")

# test the code                  
MyList = LinkedList()

#Add three elements at the end of the list.
MyList.push_back(10)
MyList.push_back(20)
MyList.push_back(30)
MyList.PrintList()

#Insert an element at position 2
MyList.push_at(100, 2)
MyList.PrintList()

#Insert an element at position 1
MyList.push_at(200, 1)
MyList.PrintList()

The above code will give the following output: 

The list contains: 10 20 30 
The list contains: 10 100 20 30 
The list contains: 200 10 100 20 30 

//node structure
class Node {
    int data;
    Node next;
};

class LinkedList {
  Node head;

  LinkedList(){
    head = null;
  }

  //Add new element at the end of the list
  void push_back(int newElement) {
    Node newNode = new Node();
    newNode.data = newElement;
    newNode.next = null; 
    if(head == null) {
      head = newNode;
      newNode.next = head;
    } else {
      Node temp = new Node();
      temp = head;
      while(temp.next != head)
        temp = temp.next;
      temp.next = newNode;
      newNode.next = head;
    }    
  }

  //Inserts a new element at the given position
  void push_at(int newElement, int position) {  
    Node newNode = new Node(); 
    newNode.data = newElement;
    newNode.next = null;
    Node temp = head;
    int NoOfElements = 0;

    if(temp != null) {
      NoOfElements++;
      temp = temp.next;
    }
    while(temp != head) {
      NoOfElements++;
      temp = temp.next;
    }

    if(position < 1 || position > (NoOfElements+1)) {
      System.out.print("\nInvalid position.");
    } else if (position == 1) {
  
      if(head == null) {
        head = newNode;
        head.next = head;
      } else {
        while(temp.next != head) {
          temp = temp.next;
        }
        newNode.next = head;
        head = newNode;
        temp.next = head;
      }
    } else {
      temp = head;
      for(int i = 1; i < position-1; i++) 
        temp = temp.next;
      newNode.next = temp.next;
      temp.next = newNode;  
    }
  }

  //display the content of the list
  void PrintList() {
    Node temp = new Node();
    temp = this.head;
    if(temp != null) {
      System.out.print("The list contains: ");
      while(true) {
        System.out.print(temp.data + " ");
        temp = temp.next;
        if(temp == this.head)
          break;
      }
      System.out.println();
    } else {
      System.out.println("The list is empty.");
    }
  }     
};

// test the code 
public class Implementation {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    LinkedList MyList = new LinkedList();

    //Add three elements at the end of the list.
    MyList.push_back(10);
    MyList.push_back(20);
    MyList.push_back(30);
    MyList.PrintList(); 

    //Insert an element at position 2
    MyList.push_at(100, 2);
    MyList.PrintList();

    //Insert an element at position 1
    MyList.push_at(200, 1);
    MyList.PrintList();  
  }
}

The above code will give the following output: 

The list contains: 10 20 30 
The list contains: 10 100 20 30 
The list contains: 200 10 100 20 30 

using System;

//node structure
class Node {
  public int data;
  public Node next;
};

class LinkedList {
  Node head;

  public LinkedList(){
    head = null;
  }
  
  //Add new element at the end of the list
  public void push_back(int newElement) {
    Node newNode = new Node();
    newNode.data = newElement;
    newNode.next = null; 
    if(head == null) {
      head = newNode;
      newNode.next = head;
    } else {
      Node temp = new Node();
      temp = head;
      while(temp.next != head)
        temp = temp.next;
      temp.next = newNode;
      newNode.next = head;
    }    
  }

  //Inserts a new element at the given position
  public void push_at(int newElement, int position) { 
    Node newNode = new Node(); 
    newNode.data = newElement;
    newNode.next = null;
    Node temp = head;
    int NoOfElements = 0;

    if(temp != null) {
      NoOfElements++;
      temp = temp.next;
    }
    while(temp != head) {
      NoOfElements++;
      temp = temp.next;
    }

    if(position < 1 || position > (NoOfElements+1)) {
      Console.Write("\nInvalid position.");
    } else if (position == 1) {

      if(head == null) {
        head = newNode;
        head.next = head;
      } else {
        while(temp.next != head) {
          temp = temp.next;
        }
        newNode.next = head;
        head = newNode;
        temp.next = head;
      }
    } else {
      temp = head;
      for(int i = 1; i < position-1; i++)
          temp = temp.next;
      newNode.next = temp.next;
      temp.next = newNode;  
    }
  }  


  //display the content of the list
  public void PrintList() {
    Node temp = new Node();
    temp = this.head;
    if(temp != null) {
      Console.Write("The list contains: ");
      while(true) {
        Console.Write(temp.data + " ");
        temp = temp.next;
        if(temp == this.head)
          break;        
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
    } else {
      Console.WriteLine("The list is empty.");
    }
  }      
};

// test the code
class Implementation {  
  static void Main(string[] args) {
    LinkedList MyList = new LinkedList();

    //Add three elements at the end of the list.
    MyList.push_back(10);
    MyList.push_back(20);
    MyList.push_back(30);
    MyList.PrintList();   

    //Insert an element at position 2
    MyList.push_at(100, 2);
    MyList.PrintList();

    //Insert an element at position 1
    MyList.push_at(200, 1);
    MyList.PrintList();  
  }
}

The above code will give the following output: 

The list contains: 10 20 30 
The list contains: 10 100 20 30 
The list contains: 200 10 100 20 30 

<?php
//node structure
class Node {
  public $data;
  public $next;
}

class LinkedList {
  public $head;

  public function __construct(){
    $this->head = null;
  }
  
  //Add new element at the end of the list
  public function push_back($newElement) {
    $newNode = new Node();
    $newNode->data = $newElement;
    $newNode->next = null; 
    if($this->head == null) {
      $this->head = $newNode;
      $newNode->next = $this->head;
    } else {
      $temp = new Node();
      $temp = $this->head;
      while($temp->next !== $this->head) {
        $temp = $temp->next;
      }
      $temp->next = $newNode;
      $newNode->next = $this->head;
    }    
  }

  //Inserts a new element at the given position
  public function push_at($newElement, $position) {     

   $newNode = new Node(); 
    $newNode->data = $newElement;
    $newNode->next = null;
    $temp = $this->head;
    $NoOfElements = 0;

    if($temp != null) {
      $NoOfElements++;
      $temp = $temp->next;
    }
    while($temp != $this->head) {
      $NoOfElements++;
      $temp = $temp->next;
    }

    if($position < 1 || $position > ($NoOfElements+1)) {
      echo "\nInvalid position.";
    } else if ($position == 1) {
  
      if($this->head == null) {
        $this->head = $newNode;
        $this->head->next = $this->head;
      } else {
        while($temp->next != $this->head) {
          $temp = $temp->next;
        }
        $newNode->next = $this->head;
        $this->head = $newNode;
        $temp->next = $this->head;
      }
    } else {
      $temp = $this->head;
      for($i = 1; $i < $position-1; $i++) 
        $temp = $temp->next;
      $newNode->next = $temp->next;
      $temp->next = $newNode;  
    }
  } 

  //display the content of the list
  public function PrintList() {
    $temp = new Node();
    $temp = $this->head;
    if($temp != null) {
      echo "The list contains: ";
      while(true) {
        echo $temp->data." ";
        $temp = $temp->next;
        if($temp == $this->head)
          break;        
      }
      echo "\n";
    } else {
      echo "The list is empty.\n";
    }
  }    
};

// test the code  
$MyList = new LinkedList();

//Add three elements at the end of the list.
$MyList->push_back(10);
$MyList->push_back(20);
$MyList->push_back(30);
$MyList->PrintList();

//Insert an element at position 2
$MyList->push_at(100, 2);
$MyList->PrintList();

//Insert an element at position 1
$MyList->push_at(200, 1);
$MyList->PrintList(); 
?>

The above code will give the following output: 

The list contains: 10 20 30 
The list contains: 10 100 20 30 
The list contains: 200 10 100 20 30
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