C++ <list> - end() Function

The C++ list::end function returns the iterator pointing to the past-the-last element of the list container. The past-the-last element of the list is the theoretical element that follows the last element. It does not point to any element, and hence could not be dereferenced.

Syntax

• C++98
• C++11

iterator end();
const_iterator end() const;

iterator end() noexcept;
const_iterator end() const noexcept;

Parameters

No parameter is required.

Return Value

An iterator to the past-the-last element of the sequence container. If the sequence object is constant qualified, the function returns a const_iterator, else returns an iterator.

Time Complexity

Constant i.e, Θ(1).

Example:

In the example below, the list::end function returns the iterator pointing to the past-the-last element of the list MyList.

#include <iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
  list<string> MyList{"Alpha","Coding","Skills"};
  list<string>::iterator it;

  it = MyList.end();
  it--;
  cout<<*it<<" ";
  it--;
  cout<<*it<<" ";
  it--;
  cout<<*it<<" ";
  return 0;
}

The output of the above code will be:

Skills Coding Alpha

Example:

Lets see another example where the list called MyList contains integer values and list::end function is used with list::begin function to specify a range including all elements of the list container.

#include <iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
 
int main (){
  list<int> MyList{10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
  list<int>::iterator it;

  for(it = MyList.begin(); it != MyList.end(); ++it)
    cout<<*it<<" ";

  return 0;
}

The output of the above code will be:

10 20 30 40 50