C++ - <cmath> (math.h)
The C++ has a number of functions and macros that are available for mathematical operation. These functions are available to use in a current program after including the header file using - #include <cmath> or #include <math.h>. All functions and macros of this header file are listed below:
Library Functions
Rounding & remainder Functions
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| ceil() | Rounds the given number up to the nearest integer. |
| floor() | Rounds the given number down to the nearest integer. |
| fmod() | Computes remainder of a division. |
| remainder() | Computes remainder of a division. |
| remquo() | Computes remainder and quotient of a division. |
| trunc() | Rounds the given number towards zero. |
| nearbyint() | Rounds the given number to nearby integral value. |
| rint() | Rounds the given number to nearby integral value. |
| lrint() | Rounds and casts the given number to long int value. |
| llrint() | Rounds and casts the given number to long long int value. |
| round() | Rounds the given number to nearby integral value. |
| lround() | Rounds and casts the given number to long int value. |
| llround() | Rounds and casts the given number to long long int value. |
Trigonometric Functions
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| sin() | Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle in radians. |
| cos() | Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle in radians. |
| tan() | Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle in radians. |
| asin() | Returns the arc sine of a value. |
| acos() | Returns the arc cosine of a value. |
| atan() | Returns the arc tangent of a value. |
| atan2() | Returns the angle theta from the conversion of rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates (r, theta). |
Hyperbolic Functions
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| sinh() | Returns the hyperbolic sine of a value. |
| cosh() | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a value. |
| tanh() | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a value. |
| asinh() | Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a value |
| acosh() | Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a value |
| atanh() | Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a value |
Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| exp() | Returns the exponent of e. |
| frexp() | Get significand and exponent. |
| ldexp() | Generate value from significand and exponent. |
| modf() | Break the given number into fractional and integral parts. |
| expm1() | Returns the exponent of e minus 1, i.e., ex-1. |
| exp2() | Returns the exponent of 2, i.e., 2x. |
| exp10() | Returns the exponent of 10, i.e., 10x. |
| log() | Returns the natural logarithm of a given number. |
| log10() | Returns the base-10 logarithm of a given number. |
| log1p() | Returns the natural logarithm of (1+number), i.e., log(1+number). |
| log2() | Returns the base-2 (binary) logarithm of a given number. |
| logb() | Returns the floating-point base logarithm of a given number. |
| ilogb() | Returns the integer part of the floating-point base logarithm of a given number. |
| scalbn() | Scale significand using floating-point base exponent. |
| scalbln() | Scale significand using floating-point base exponent (long). |
Power Functions
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| pow() | Returns base raised to the power of exponent. |
| sqrt() | Returns the square root of the given number. |
| cbrt() | Returns the cube root of the given number. |
| hypot() | Returns square root of sum of squares of two arguments, i.e., sqrt(x2 +y2). |
Error & gamma Functions
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| erf() | Returns the error function of the argument. |
| erfc() | Returns the complementary error function of the argument. |
| tgamma() | Returns gamma function of the argument. |
| lgamma() | Returns log-gamma function of the argument. |
Other Functions
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| abs() | Returns the absolute (positive) value of the given number. |
| copysign() | Returns a number with magnitude of first argument and sign of second argument. |
| fabs() | Returns the absolute (positive) value of the given number. |
| fdim() | Returns positive difference. |
| fma() | Fused multiply-add operation. |
| fmax() | Returns the number with maximum value. |
| fmin() | Returns the number with minimum value. |
| nan() | Generate quiet NaN. |
| nextafter() | Returns next representable value. |
| nexttoward() | Returns next representable value toward precise value. |
Classification Functions/Macros
These functions are implemented as macros in C.
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| fpclassify() | Classify floating-point value. |
| isfinite() | Check if the argument is finite or not. |
| isinf() | Check if the argument is infinity or not. |
| isnan() | Check if the argument is Not-a-Number (NaN) or not. |
| isnormal() | Check if the argument is normal or not. |
| signbit() | Check if the argument is negative or not. |
Comparison Functions/Macros
These functions are implemented as macros in C.
| Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| isgreater() | Returns true if the first argument is greater than the second argument, else returns false. |
| isgreaterequal() | Returns true if the first argument is greater than or equal to the second argument, else returns false. |
| isless() | Returns true if the first argument is less than the second argument, else returns false. |
| islessequal() | Returns true if the first argument is less than or equal to the second argument, else returns false. |
| islessgreater() | Returns true if the first argument is less than or greater than the second argument, else returns false. |
| isunordered() | Returns true if one or both arguments are unordered value, else returns false. |
Library Macros
Macro constants
| Macros | Description |
|---|---|
| math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO MATH_ERREXCEPT |
Defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions. |
| HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALF HUGE_VALL |
Indicates the overflow value for double, float and long double respectively. |
| FP_FAST_FMA FP_FAST_FMAF FP_FAST_FMAL |
When defined, function fma() evaluates faster (in addition to being more precise) than the expression (x*y) + z for type double, float and long double respectively. |
| FP_NAN FP_INFINITE FP_ZERO FP_SUBNORMAL FP_NORMAL |
Distinct category of floating-point numbers and possible values returned by fpclassify() function. |
| FP_ILOGB0 FP_ILOGBNAN |
In special cases, values returned by ilogb() function. |
| INFINITY | Evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a float. |
| NAN | Evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float. |
