PostgreSQL - NOT LIKE Keyword

The PostgreSQL NOT LIKE keyword is the negation of LIKE keyword. The LIKE keyword is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified pattern in a specified column. The wildcards which are used in conjunction with the LIKE or NOT LIKE keyword are given below:

Wildcard Characters in PostgreSQL

Symbol	Description	Example
%	Represents zero, one or multiple characters.	'J%' represents a value that start with "J", for example - John, Jo and Jack etc.
_	Represents one character.	'_o%' represents a value that have "o" in the second position, for example - John, Jo and Journey etc.
ESCAPE	Allow test for literal instances of a wildcard character such as % or _	'J%!%' ESCAPE '!' represents a value that starts with J and ends in %, for example - John%, Jo% and Journey% etc.

Note: The operator ~~ is equivalent to LIKE. Similarly, !~~ operator represents NOT LIKE.

Syntax

The syntax for using LIKE and NOT LIKE keywords in PostgreSQL are given below:

/* Using LIKE keyword */
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column LIKE pattern;

/* Using NOT LIKE keyword */
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE column NOT LIKE pattern;

The table below describes patterns which is used with LIKE keyword and uses (%) and (_).

Pattern	Description
'J%'	A value that start with "J".
'%n'	A value that end with "n".
'%oh%'	A value that have "oh" in any position.
'_o%'	A value that have "o" in the second position.
'J_%'	A value that start with "J" and have at least 2 characters.
'J__%'	A value that start with "J" and have at least 3 characters.
'J%n'	A value that start with "J" and ends with "n".

Example:

Consider a database containing a table called Employee with the following records:

EmpID	Name	City	Age	Salary
1	John	London	25	3000
2	Marry	New York	24	2750
3	Jo	Paris	27	2800
4	Kim	Amsterdam	30	3100
5	Ramesh	New Delhi	28	3000
6	Huang	Beijing	28	2800

Using the % Wildcard : To select all records of the Employee table with Name starting with 'Jo', the query is given below.
```
SELECT * FROM Employee
WHERE Name LIKE 'Jo%';
```
This will produce the result as shown below:

EmpID Name City Age Salary

1 John London 25 3000

3 Jo Paris 27 2800
Using the % Wildcard with NOT LIKE keyword: NOT LIKE keyword is used as the negation of LIKE keyword. For example, to select all records of the Employee table with Name not starting with 'Jo', the following query can be used:
```
SELECT * FROM Employee
WHERE Name NOT LIKE 'Jo%';
```
This will produce the result as shown below:

EmpID Name City Age Salary

2 Marry New York 24 2750

4 Kim Amsterdam 30 3100

5 Ramesh New Delhi 28 3000

6 Huang Beijing 28 2800
Using the _ Wildcard : To select all records of the Employee table with Name containing 'o' as second character, the query is mentioned below.
```
SELECT * FROM Employee
WHERE Name LIKE '_o%';
```
The result of the above code will be:

EmpID Name City Age Salary

1 John London 25 3000

3 Jo Paris 27 2800
Using the _ Wildcard with NOT LIKE keyword: To select all records of the Employee table with Name not containing 'o' as second character, the query is given below:.
```
SELECT * FROM Employee
WHERE Name NOT LIKE '_o%';
```
The result of the above code will be:

EmpID Name City Age Salary

2 Marry New York 24 2750

4 Kim Amsterdam 30 3100

5 Ramesh New Delhi 28 3000

6 Huang Beijing 28 2800

EmpID	Name	City	Age	Salary
2	Marry	New York	24	2750
4	Kim	Amsterdam	30	3100
5	Ramesh	New Delhi	28	3000
6	Huang	Beijing	28	2800

EmpID	Name	City	Age	Salary
2	Marry	New York	24	2750
4	Kim	Amsterdam	30	3100
5	Ramesh	New Delhi	28	3000
6	Huang	Beijing	28	2800

❮ PostgreSQL - Keywords